🌈 Rainbow mind map: Nuclear Physics Explained

🌈 Rainbow Mind Map: Nuclear Physics

Atomic Structure

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. The number of protons determines the element.

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Click to learn more about atomic structure!

Periodic Table

Elements are arranged by atomic number (number of protons). The table reveals periodic trends in properties.

Isotopes & Isobars

Isotopes have same protons but different neutrons. Isobars have same mass number but different atomic number.

Discovery of Radioactivity

Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 when uranium salts affected photographic plates.

Rutherford's Experiments

Gold foil experiment revealed the nucleus by observing alpha particle scattering patterns.

Natural Radioactivity

Unstable nuclei emit radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) to become more stable through decay processes.

Radioactive Decay Laws

Decay follows exponential law with characteristic half-life. Activity is proportional to number of nuclei.

Nuclear Fission

Heavy nuclei split into smaller fragments, releasing energy. Used in nuclear power and weapons.

Nuclear Fusion

Light nuclei combine to form heavier ones, releasing enormous energy (powers stars).

Radiation Detection

Geiger counters measure ionizing radiation by detecting charged particles in a gas tube.

Nuclear Safety

Radiation protection includes time, distance, shielding. Proper waste disposal is critical.

Nuclear Physics Quiz

1. What determines an element's position in the periodic table?

Atomic number (proton count)

Atomic mass (protons + neutrons)

Number of electron shells

Number of valence electrons

2. What was the key finding of Rutherford's gold foil experiment?

Atoms are indivisible

Atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus

Electrons orbit randomly

Atoms are mostly empty space

Nuclear Energy Poll

Should we invest more in nuclear energy as a clean power source?

Yes, it's essential for reducing carbon emissions

Only with improved safety measures

No, the risks outweigh the benefits

Not sure

Poll Results:

Option 1: 0%

Option 2: 0%

Option 3: 0%

Option 4: 0%

Half-Life Simulator

Adjust the slider to see how different half-lives affect radioactive decay:

Half-Life: 5 days

Nuclear Fusion vs Fission

Feature	Fusion	Fission
Process	Light nuclei combine	Heavy nucleus splits
Energy Output	Much higher per reaction	Lower per reaction
Fuel	Hydrogen isotopes	Uranium/Plutonium
Waste	Minimal radioactive waste	High-level radioactive waste