Measurement & Experimentation
International System (SI)
Base units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s)
Derived units: newton (N), joule (J), watt (W)
Standard prefixes: milli-, centi-, kilo-, mega-
Other Unit Systems
CGS System: centimeter, gram, second
FPS System: foot, pound, second
Conversions between systems
Vernier Calipers
Precision length measurement
Least count concept
Zero error identification
Micrometer Screw Gauge
Higher precision than vernier
Working principle
Least count calculation
Simple Pendulum
Time period (T = 2Ï€√(l/g))
Frequency (f = 1/T)
Length vs T² graph
Accuracy & Precision
Least count relation
Error minimization
Instrument selection
Practical Applications
Engineering measurements
Scientific experiments
Quality control
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